保全财产是指法律上为保障债权人合法权益而采取的一种司法措施，目的是防止债务人擅自处分财产，以保证债务人有能力清偿债务。财产保全的申请和执行具有严格的法律程序，需要符合一定的条件和要件，否则法院可能驳回申请或不予执行。在实践中，资产保全措施对债权人的权益保护具有重要意义，可以有效防止债务人恶意转移财产逃避债务，维护债权人的正当权益。
财产保全的法律依据主要包括《民事诉讼法》、《最高人民法院关于适用<民事诉讼法>若干问题的意见》、《关于人民法院财产保全若干问题的规定》等相关法律法规。其中，《民事诉讼法》第一百零一条规定：“人民法院对下列财产，可以依法裁定予以保全：……（一）因诉讼行为而产生的财产；（二）依法被查封、扣押、冻结的财产；（三）可能被转移、隐匿、毁损的财产；（四）人民法院认为应当予以保全的其他财产。”该条规定明确了财产保全的适用范围和适用条件。
申请财产保全需要满足一定的条件，包括：
有明确的债权债务关系。申请人必须与债务人之间存在合法的债权债务关系，且债务已经到期。 债务人有履行债务能力但无履行债务意愿。申请人需要提供证据证明债务人有履行债务能力，但无履行债务意愿，如债务人已转移财产、准备转移财产、隐匿财产、毁损财产等。 申请人需要提供担保。申请财产保全的当事人应当提供担保，以保证财产保全措施不当而造成债务人损失时，能够赔偿其损失。财产保全的申请程序主要包括以下步骤：
提交申请书。申请人向有管辖权的人民法院提交财产保全申请书，并附上相应证据材料。 法院审查。法院收到申请后，会对申请材料进行审查，并根据申请条件和提供的证据决定是否受理申请。 裁定。法院受理申请后，会在一定期限内作出裁定，决定是否予以保全。如果法院认为符合财产保全条件，则会作出裁定予以保全，并责令被申请人提供担保。 执行保全。裁定生效后，申请人可以凭法院的裁定向执行法院申请执行保全，执行法院会根据裁定采取相应的保全措施。法院采取财产保全措施的方式有以下几种：
冻结存款。法院可以责令银行冻结债务人的银行存款，防止债务人将存款转移。 查封财产。法院可以查封债务人的房产、车辆、动产等财产，禁止债务人处分或转移该财产。 扣押财产。法院可以扣押债务人的动产或权利，扣押物由法院保管。 限制出境。法院可以限制债务人出境，防止债务人携款外逃。Property preservation is a judicial measure taken to protect the legitimate rights and interests of creditors, aiming to prevent debtors from arbitrarily disposing of their property and ensuring that debtors have the ability to repay their debts. The application and execution of property preservation have strict legal procedures and require certain conditions and requirements. Otherwise, the court may dismiss the application or refuse to execute it. In practice, asset preservation measures are of great significance to the protection of creditors' rights and interests, which can effectively prevent debtors from maliciously transferring property to evade debts and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of creditors.
The legal basis for property preservation mainly includes the Civil Procedure Law, Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Civil Procedure Law, Provisions of the People's Court on Several Issues Concerning Property Preservation, and other relevant laws and regulations. Among them, Article 101 of the Civil Procedure Law stipulates: "The people's court may, in accordance with the law, rule to preserve the following property: ... (1) property arising from litigation; (2) property subject to seizure, detention, or freezing in accordance with the law; (3) property that may be transferred, concealed, or destroyed; (4) other property that the people's court deems necessary to preserve." This article clarifies the scope and applicable conditions of property preservation.
To apply for property preservation, certain conditions must be met, including:
A clear creditor-debtor relationship. There must be a legitimate creditor-debtor relationship between the applicant and the debtor, and the debt has matured. The debtor has the ability to perform but no intention to perform. The applicant needs to provide evidence to prove that the debtor has the ability to perform but no willingness to perform, such as the debtor has transferred property, prepared to transfer property, concealed property, or destroyed property. The applicant needs to provide security. The party applying for property preservation shall provide security to ensure that if the property preservation measures are improper and cause losses to the debtor, the losses can be compensated.The procedures for applying for property preservation mainly include the following steps:
Submit an application. The applicant submits an application for property preservation to the people's court with jurisdiction and attaches relevant evidence. Court review. After receiving the application, the court will review the application materials and decide whether to accept the application based on the application conditions and evidence provided. Ruling. After the court accepts the application, it will make a ruling within a certain period of time, deciding whether to grant preservation. If the court finds that the conditions for property preservation are met, it will make a ruling to grant preservation and order the applicant to provide security. Executing preservation. After the ruling takes effect, the applicant may apply to the executing court for the execution of the preservation with the court's ruling. The executing court will take corresponding preservation measures according to the ruling.
